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  2. Aquatic respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_respiration

    When they swim, water flows into the mouth and across the gills. Because these sharks rely on this technique, they must keep swimming in order to respire. Bony fish use countercurrent flow to maximize the intake of oxygen that can diffuse through the gill. Countercurrent flow occurs when deoxygenated blood moves through the gill in one ...

  3. Swim bladder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swim_bladder

    The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ in bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish [1]) that functions to modulate buoyancy, and thus allowing the fish to stay at desired water depth without having to maintain lift via swimming, which expends more energy. [2]

  4. Fish gill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_gill

    Chimaeras differ from other cartilagenous fish, having lost both the spiracle and the fifth gill slit. The remaining slits are covered by an operculum, developed from the septum of the gill arch in front of the first gill. [6] The shared trait of breathing via gills in bony fish and cartilaginous fish is a famous example of symplesiomorphy.

  5. Gill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gill

    The gill arches of bony fish typically have no septum, so the gills alone project from the arch, supported by individual gill rays. Some species retain gill rakers. Though all but the most primitive bony fish lack spiracles, the pseudobranch associated with them often remains, being located at the base of the operculum.

  6. Branchial arch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchial_arch

    Branchial arches or gill arches are a series of paired bony/cartilaginous "loops" behind the throat (pharyngeal cavity) of fish, which support the fish gills. As chordates, all vertebrate embryos develop pharyngeal arches, though the eventual fate of these arches varies between taxa.

  7. Fish physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_physiology

    Breathing air is primarily of use to fish that inhabit shallow, seasonally variable waters where the water's oxygen concentration may seasonally decline. Fish dependent solely on dissolved oxygen, such as perch and cichlids, quickly suffocate, while air-breathers survive for much longer, in some cases in water that is little more than wet mud.

  8. Spiracle (vertebrates) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiracle_(vertebrates)

    Bony fish have similar gill opercula, but the basalmost ray-finned fish, bichirs, use their spiracles for inhaling air into their lungs; this leads to speculation this may be the original air breathing mechanism ancestral to all bony fish and tetrapods. [9]

  9. Osteichthyes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteichthyes

    Osteichthyes (/ ˌ ɒ s t iː ˈ ɪ k θ iː z / ost-ee-IK-theez), [2] also known as osteichthyans or commonly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of vertebrate animals that have endoskeletons primarily composed of bone tissue.