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  2. Evolute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolute

    Hence: the evolute is the envelope of the normals of the given curve. At sections of the curve with ′ > or ′ < the curve is an involute of its evolute. (In the diagram: The blue parabola is an involute of the red semicubic parabola, which is actually the evolute of the blue parabola.)

  3. Involute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute

    In mathematics, an involute (also known as an evolvent) is a particular type of curve that is dependent on another shape or curve. An involute of a curve is the locus of a point on a piece of taut string as the string is either unwrapped from or wrapped around the curve. [1] The evolute of an involute is the original curve.

  4. Involute gear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute_gear

    The involute gear profile, sometimes credited to Leonhard Euler, [1] was a fundamental advance in machine design, since unlike with other gear systems, the tooth profile of an involute gear depends only on the number of teeth on the gear, pressure angle, and pitch. That is, a gear's profile does not depend on the gear it mates with.

  5. Involution (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involution_(mathematics)

    Any involution is a bijection.. The identity map is a trivial example of an involution. Examples of nontrivial involutions include negation (x ↦ −x), reciprocation (x ↦ 1/x), and complex conjugation (z ↦ z) in arithmetic; reflection, half-turn rotation, and circle inversion in geometry; complementation in set theory; and reciprocal ciphers such as the ROT13 transformation and the ...

  6. Cycloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloid

    The cycloid, epicycloids, and hypocycloids have the property that each is similar to its evolute. If q is the product of that curvature with the circle's radius, signed positive for epi- and negative for hypo-, then the similitude ratio of curve to evolute is 1 + 2q. The classic Spirograph toy traces out hypotrochoid and epitrochoid curves.

  7. Nephroid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephroid

    Because the evolute of a nephroid is another nephroid, the involute of the nephroid is also another nephroid. The original nephroid in the image is the involute of the smaller nephroid. inversion (green) of a nephroid (red) across the blue circle

  8. Hypocycloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocycloid

    The evolute of a hypocycloid is an enlarged version of the hypocycloid itself, while the involute of a hypocycloid is a reduced copy of itself. [10] The pedal of a hypocycloid with pole at the center of the hypocycloid is a rose curve. The isoptic of a hypocycloid is a hypocycloid.

  9. Archimedean spiral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedean_spiral

    Three 360° loops of one arm of an Archimedean spiral. The Archimedean spiral (also known as Archimedes' spiral, the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes.