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Spinal disc protrusion visible in MRI [1] A disc protrusion is a medical condition that can occur in some vertebrates, including humans, in which the outermost layers of the anulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs of the spine are intact but bulge when one or more of the discs are under pressure.
Disc herniation can occur in any disc in the spine, but the two most common forms are lumbar disc herniation and cervical disc herniation. The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica .
Modic changes is a descriptive term used by radiologists in MRI evaluations. Conventional treatment including physiotherapy, chiropractic, acupuncture, and exercise for back pain, are not effective in treating Modic changes. Conversely, long term antibiotic treatment has been shown to be an effective treatment if done effectively.
Schmorl's nodes are fairly common, especially with minor degeneration of the aging spine, but they are also seen in younger spines. Schmorl's nodes often cause no symptoms, but may simply reflect that "wear and tear" of the spine has occurred over time; they may also reflect that bone strength was at one time somewhat compromised, perhaps due to a vitamin D deficiency although this has yet to ...
Lumbar disc disease is the drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine. Many physicians and patients use the term lumbar disc disease to encompass several different causes of back pain or sciatica. In this article, the term is used to describe a lumbar herniated disc.
Lumbar provocative discography (also referred to as "discography" or discogram) is an invasive diagnostic procedure for evaluation for intervertebral disc pathology. It is usually reserved for persons with persistent, severe low back pain (LBP) who have abnormal spaces between vertebrae on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where other diagnostic tests have failed to reveal clear confirmation ...
A herniated disc can cause mild to severe pain such as sciatica and treatment for herniated discs range from physical therapy to surgery. [ 13 ] (see also: Intervertebral disc arthroplasty ) Other degeneration of the vertebral column includes diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) [ 14 ] which is the calcification or ossification of ...
Imaging modalities such as computerised tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can help with the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. [40] Both are equally effective at diagnosing lumbar disk herniation, but computerized tomography has a higher radiation dose. [6] Radiography is not recommended because disks cannot be visualized by X-rays. [6]
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