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There are several national data protection authorities across the world, tasked with protecting information privacy. In the European Union and the EFTA member countries, their status was formalized by the Data Protection Directive [ 1 ] and they were involved in the Madrid Resolution.
Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits." [12]
In the worst-case scenario, a data embassy could enable government to provide its digital services without the national territory under its control. [1] This makes data embassies particularly attractive to countries that have already digitalized their most crucial databases and are situated in the vicinity of the aforementioned threat vectors.
Utah Data Center: The Intelligence Community's US$1.5 billion data storage center that is designed to store extremely large amounts of data, on the scale of yottabytes. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] X-Keyscore : A system used by the United States National Security Agency for searching and analysing internet data about foreign nationals.
Over 80 countries and independent territories, including nearly every country in Europe and many in Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and Africa, have now adopted comprehensive data protection laws. [1] The European Union has the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), [2] in force since May 25, 2018.
For many countries, the issue of data sovereignty is presented as an issue of national security with concerns over being able to protect citizens' personal data. [1] Data can be used to help improve medical care, reinforce national security as well as have a positive impact on many economic and social infrastructures but may also be used for ...
These reserves are typically held in the form of deposits, bonds, and other liquid assets, and they play a critical role in managing a country's exchange rate policy, stabilizing its currency, and meeting international financial obligations. IMF releases the quarterly data on the currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves. The ...
As such, the data subject must also be provided with contact details for the data controller and their designated data protection officer, where applicable. [27] [28] Data protection impact assessments (Article 35) have to be conducted when specific risks occur to the rights and freedoms of data subjects. Risk assessment and mitigation is ...