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Sand filter used for water treatment. Sand filters are used as a step in the water treatment process of water purification. There are three main types; rapid (gravity) sand filters, upward flow sand filters and slow sand filters. All three methods are used extensively in the water industry throughout the world.
Slow sand filters are recognized by the World Health Organization, [15] Oxfam, [16] and the United States Environmental Protection Agency [17] as being a superior technology for the treatment of surface water sources in small water systems. According to the World Health Organization, "Under suitable circumstances, slow sand filtration may be ...
The filtration system requires a relatively small land area in proportion to the population served, and the design is less sensitive to changes in raw water quality, e.g. turbidity, than slow sand filters. Rapid sand filters use relatively coarse sand (0.5 to 1.0 mm) and other granular media, such as anthracite, in beds of 0.6 to 1.2 metre ...
Water treatment filters that can be backwashed include rapid sand filters, water softening systems, pressure filters and granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. Diatomaceous earth filters are backwashed according to the proprietary arrangement of pumps, valves and filters associated with the filtration system. [ 2 ]
An effective slow sand filter may remain in service for many weeks or even months, if the pretreatment is well designed, and produces water with a very low available nutrient level which physical methods of treatment rarely achieve.
A biosand filter (BSF) is a point-of-use water treatment system adapted from traditional slow sand filters. Biosand filters remove pathogens and suspended solids from water using biological and physical processes that take place in a sand column covered with a biofilm .
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