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In astrophysics, an event horizon is a boundary beyond which events cannot affect an outside observer. Wolfgang Rindler coined the term in the 1950s. [1]In 1784, John Michell proposed that gravity can be strong enough in the vicinity of massive compact objects that even light cannot escape. [2]
The trapped surface is a spacelike surface of co-dimension 2, in a Lorentzian spacetime. It follows [4] that any normal vector can be expressed as a linear combination of two future directed null vectors, normalised by: k + · k − = −2 The k + vector is directed “outwards” and k − “inwards”. The set of all such vectors engenders ...
The event horizons bounding the black hole and white hole interior regions are also a pair of straight lines at 45 degrees, reflecting the fact that a light ray emitted at the horizon in a radial direction (aimed outward in the case of the black hole, inward in the case of the white hole) would remain on the horizon forever. Thus the two black ...
A horizon is a boundary in spacetime satisfying prescribed conditions. There are several types of horizons that play a role in Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity : Absolute horizon , a boundary in spacetime in general relativity inside of which events cannot affect an external observer
The Schwarzschild radius or the gravitational radius is a physical parameter in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations that corresponds to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. It is a characteristic radius associated with any quantity of mass.
Both of these facts would also be true if we were considering a set of observers hovering outside the event horizon of a black hole, each observer hovering at a constant radius in Schwarzschild coordinates. In fact, in the close neighborhood of a black hole, the geometry close to the event horizon can be described in Rindler coordinates.
In general relativity, an absolute horizon is a boundary in spacetime, defined with respect to the external universe, inside which events cannot affect an external observer. Light emitted inside the horizon can never reach the observer, and anything that passes through the horizon from the observer's side is never seen again by the observer.
A clear physical example of a Cauchy horizon is the second horizon inside a charged or rotating black hole. The outermost horizon is an event horizon, beyond which information cannot escape, but where the future is still determined from the conditions outside. Inside the inner horizon, the Cauchy horizon, the singularity is visible and to ...