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Closer to the customer, a distribution transformer steps the primary distribution power down to a low-voltage secondary circuit, usually 120/240 V in the US for residential customers. The power comes to the customer via a service drop and an electricity meter. The final circuit in an urban system may be less than 15 metres (50 ft) but may be ...
A transformer supplying a three-wire distribution system has a single-phase input (primary) winding. The output (secondary) winding has a center tap connected to a grounded neutral. As shown in Fig. 1, either end to center has half the voltage of end-to-end. Fig. 2 illustrates the phasor diagram of the output voltages for a split-phase transformer.
In Europe and other countries using its system, the secondary is often the three-phase 400Y/230 system. There are three 230 V secondary windings, each receiving power from a primary winding attached to one of the primary phases. One end of each secondary winding is connected to a 'neutral' wire, which is grounded.
Typical North American utility pole, showing hardware for a residential 240/120 V split-phase service drop: (A,B,C) 3-phase primary distribution wires (mounted on a crossarm), (D) neutral wire, (E) fuse cutout, (F) lightning arrestor, (G) single-phase distribution transformer, (H) ground wire to transformer case, (J) "triplex" service drop ...
High-leg delta service is supplied in one of two ways. One is by a three-phase transformer (or three single-phase transformers), having four wires coming out of the secondary, the three phases, plus a neutral connected as a center-tap on one of the windings. Another method (the open delta configuration) requires two transformers.
The primary may be connected phase to ground or phase to phase. The secondary is usually grounded on one terminal. There are three primary types of voltage transformers (VT): electromagnetic, capacitor, and optical. The electromagnetic voltage transformer is a wire-wound transformer.
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