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In 2010, the cost of fuel in the US averaged US$3.42, while the cost for E85 averaged US$3.09, or 90% of the cost of gasoline. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In another test, however, a fleet of Ford Tauruses averaged only about 6% fewer miles per gallon in ethanol-based vehicles when compared to traditional, gas-powered Tauruses.
[98] The Associated Press said premium gas—which has a higher octane rating and costs more per gallon than regular unleaded—should be used only if the manufacturer says it is "required". [99] Cars with turbocharged engines and high compression ratios often specify premium gasoline because higher octane fuels reduce the incidence of "knock ...
Gasoline + Oxygen –> Derived from Gasoline: 13.3 [citation needed] Dinitroacetylene explosive - computed [citation needed] 9.8: Octanitrocubane explosive: 8.5 [6] 16.9 [7] Tetranitrotetrahedrane explosive - computed [citation needed] 8.3: Heptanitrocubane explosive - computed [citation needed] 8.2: Sodium (reacted with chlorine) [citation ...
According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), as of March 2022, factors that affect the price of gasoline in the United States include the price of crude oil per barrel, costs and profits related to refining, distribution, and marketing, and taxes, along with the charge set by refiners for gasoline based on based on octane levels, with higher octane levels—premium grade cost ...
(This is given by the change in Gibbs free energy, and is around 45.7 MJ/kg for gasoline.) The actual amount of mechanical work obtained from fuel (the inverse of the specific fuel consumption) depends on the engine. A figure of 17.6 MJ/kg is possible with a gasoline engine, and 19.1 MJ/kg for a diesel engine.
It also denotes the ratio of equivalent air volume drawn into the cylinder to the cylinder's swept volume. [5] This equivalent volume is commonly inserted into a mass estimation equation based upon Boyle's Gas Law. When VE is multiplied by the cylinder volume, an accurate estimate of cylinder air mass (charge) can be made for use in determining ...
A diesel cycle engine can be as much as 40% to 50% efficient at converting fuel into work, [2] where a typical automotive gasoline engine's efficiency is about 25% to 30%. [3] [4] In general, an engine is designed to run on a single fuel source and substituting one fuel for another may affect the thermal efficiency.
In terms of density, m = ρV, where ρ is the volumetric mass density, V is the volume occupied by the mass. This energy can be released by the processes of nuclear fission (~ 0.1%), nuclear fusion (~ 1%), or the annihilation of some or all of the matter in the volume V by matter–antimatter collisions (100%).