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In these conversions, phosgene is used in excess to increase yield and minimize side reactions. The phosgene excess is separated during the work-up of resulting end products and recycled into the process, with any remaining phosgene decomposed in water using activated carbon as the catalyst. Diisocyanates are precursors to polyurethanes. More ...
Examples of these substances are phosgene, which has been used as a chemical weapon but which is also a precursor in the manufacture of many legitimate organic compounds, and triethanolamine, used in the manufacture of nitrogen mustard but also commonly used in toiletries and detergents. The Schedule 3 list is one of three lists.
With a few exceptions, only annually produced quantities above 100 kg of List 2 substances from Part A or 1000 kg of a precursor from Part B must be reported to the OPCW by the Contracting States. A limit of 1 kg applies to the substance BZ in List 2. For substances in List 3, a threshold value of 30 tonnes applies. [3]
Examples include phosgene and chloropicrin. Both have been used as chemical weapons but phosgene is an important precursor in the manufacture of plastics, and chloropicrin is used as a fumigant. The OPCW must be notified of, and may inspect, any plant producing more than 30 tons per year. Chemical weapons are divided into three categories: [6]
Phosgene oxime, or CX, is an organic compound with the formula Cl 2 C=N−O H. It is a potent chemical weapon, specifically a nettle agent. The compound itself is a colorless solid, but impure samples are often yellowish liquids. It has a strong, disagreeable and irritating odor. It is used as a reagent in organic chemistry. [2]
Methylphosphonyl difluoride (DF), also known as EA-1251 [2] or difluoro, [3] is a chemical weapon precursor. Its chemical formula is CH 3 POF 2.It is a Schedule 1 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Typically, CSCl 2 is prepared in a two-step process from carbon disulfide.In the first step, carbon disulfide is chlorinated to give trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride (CCl 3 SCl), a rare sulfenyl chloride:
Owing to the hazardous nature of phosgene, the production of isocyanates requires special precautions. [1] A laboratory-safe variation masks the phosgene as oxalyl chloride . [ 5 ] Also, oxalyl chloride can be used to form acyl isocyanates from primary amides , which phosgene typically dehydrates to nitriles instead.