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A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with fewer ...
This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [2] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction. This reaction is important in the history of organic chemistry because it helped prove the structure of ethers. The general reaction mechanism is as follows: [3]
Thus, haloalkanes can be converted to alkenes. Similarly, dihaloalkanes can be converted to alkynes. In related reactions, 1,2-dibromocompounds are debrominated by zinc dust to give alkenes and geminal dihalides can react with strong bases to give carbenes.
The Boord olefin synthesis is an organic reaction forming alkenes from ethers carrying a halogen atom 2 carbons removed from the oxygen atom (β-halo-ethers) using a metal such as magnesium or zinc. The reaction, discovered by Cecil E. Boord in 1930 [1] is a classic named reaction with high yields and broad scope. [2]
Halogenation of saturated hydrocarbons is a substitution reaction. The reaction typically involves free radical pathways. The regiochemistry of the halogenation of alkanes is largely determined by the relative weakness of the C–H bonds. This trend is reflected by the faster reaction at tertiary and secondary positions.
In crossed aldol reactions between halo ketones and aldehydes, the initial reaction product is a halohydrin which can subsequently form an oxirane in the presence of base. α-Halo ketones can react with amines to form an α-halo imine, which can be converted back to the parent halo ketone by hydrolysis , so that halo imines may be used as ...
Dehydrohalogenation to give an alkene In chemistry , dehydrohalogenation is an elimination reaction which removes a hydrogen halide from a substrate . The reaction is usually associated with the synthesis of alkenes , but it has wider applications.
Small-ring application of the Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction. This reaction type gives access to 1,2-dimethylenecyclohexane. Scheme 5. Ramberg–Bäcklund synthesis of dimethylene-cyclohexane. and the epoxide variation access to allyl alcohols. A recently developed application of the Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction is the synthesis of C-glycosides.