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Using 4 bits per encoded character leads to a 50% longer output than base64, but simplifies encoding and decoding—expanding each byte in the source independently to two encoded bytes is simpler than base64's expanding 3 source bytes to 4 encoded bytes. Out of PETSCII's first 192 codes, 164 have visible representations when quoted: 5 (white ...
Mask generation functions are deterministic; the octet string output is completely determined by the input octet string. The output of a mask generation function should be pseudorandom, that is, if the seed to the function is unknown, it should be infeasible to distinguish the output from a truly random string.
Converts Unicode character codes, always given in hexadecimal, to their UTF-8 or UTF-16 representation in upper-case hex or decimal. Can also reverse this for UTF-8. The UTF-16 form will accept and pass through unpaired surrogates e.g. {{#invoke:Unicode convert|getUTF8|D835}} → D835.
Only a small subset of possible byte strings are error-free UTF-8: several bytes cannot appear; a byte with the high bit set cannot be alone; and in a truly random string a byte with a high bit set has only a 1 ⁄ 15 chance of starting a valid UTF-8 character. This has the (possibly unintended) consequence of making it easy to detect if a ...
The binary code assigns a pattern of binary digits, also known as bits, to each character, instruction, etc. For example, a binary string of eight bits (which is also called a byte) can represent any of 256 possible values and can, therefore, represent a wide variety of different items. In computing and telecommunications, binary codes are used ...
Python 3.3 switched internal storage to use one of ISO-8859-1, UCS-2, or UTF-32 depending on the largest code point in the string. [32] Python 3.12 drops some functionality (for CPython extensions) to make it easier to migrate to UTF-8 for all strings. [33] Java originally used UCS-2, and added UTF-16 supplementary character support in J2SE 5.0.
Very roughly, the final size of Base64-encoded binary data is equal to 1.37 times the original data size + 814 bytes (for headers). The size of the decoded data can be approximated with this formula: bytes = (string_length(encoded_string) − 814) / 1.37
Byte values can be expressed in hexadecimal with the prefix \x followed by two hex digits: '\x1B' represents the Esc control character; "\x1B[0m\x1B[25;1H" is a string containing 11 characters with two embedded Esc characters. [3] To output an integer as hexadecimal with the printf function family, the format conversion code %X or %x is used.