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These are one of the most common types of laser, and are used for many different applications. Nd:YAG lasers typically emit light with a wavelength of 1064 nm, in the infrared. [3] However, there are also transitions near 946, 1120, 1320, and 1440 nm. Nd:YAG lasers operate in both pulsed and continuous mode.
Nd:YAP laser (yttrium aluminium perovskite) 1.0646 μm [7] Flashlamp, laser diode: Surgery, tattoo removal, hair removal, research, pumping other lasers (combined with frequency doubling to produce a green 532 nm beam) Nd:Cr:YAG laser 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm) solar radiation: Experimental production of nanopowders. [8] Er:YAG laser: 2.94 μm
Laser types used in dermatology include ruby (694 nm), alexandrite (755 nm), pulsed diode array (810 nm), Nd:YAG (1064 nm), Ho:YAG (2090 nm), and Er:YAG (2940 nm). Eye surgery and refractive surgery; Soft tissue surgery: CO 2, Er:YAG laser; Laser scalpel (General surgery, gynecological, urology, laparoscopic) Photobiomodulation (i.e. laser therapy)
The laser is intended to selectively remove diseased or infected pocket epithelium from the underlying connective tissue. The Nd:YAG laser has been shown to reduce levels of microbial pathogens in periodontal pockets [3] and vaporize the pocket-lining epithelium without causing damage to the underlying connective tissue. [4] [5]
Q-switched lasers produce bursts of infrared light at specific frequencies that target a particular spectrum of color in the tattoo ink. The laser passes through the upper layers of the skin to target a specific pigment in the lower layers. [2] Laser tattoo removal is a successful application of the theory of selective photothermolysis (SPTL). [39]
Laser surgery used in hemorrhoidectomy, and is a relatively popular and non-invasive method of hemorrhoid removal. Laser-assisted liver resections have been done using carbon dioxide and Nd:YAG lasers. The ablation of liver tumors can be achieved by selective photovaporization of the tumor.
The neodymium (Nd) and neodymium yttrium-aluminium-garnet lasers are identical in style and differ only in the application. Nd is used for boring and where high energy but low repetition are required. The Nd:YAG laser is used where very high power is needed and for boring and engraving. Both CO 2 and Nd/Nd:YAG lasers can be used for welding. [13]
Photodisruption is a form of minimally invasive surgery used in ophthalmology, utilizing infrared Nd:YAG lasers to form plasma ("lightning bolt"), which then causes acoustic shock waves ("thunderclap") which then in turn affects tissue.
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