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Inflammation of the jejunum or ileum can prevent nutrient absorption, leading to pellagra, and this can in turn be caused by Crohn's disease. [10] Gastroenterostomy can also cause pellagra. [10] Chronic alcoholism can also cause poor absorption, which combined with a diet already low in niacin and tryptophan produces pellagra. [10]
A man with pellagra, which is caused by a chronic lack of vitamin B 3 in the diet. Severe deficiency of niacin in the diet causes the disease pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, sun-sensitive dermatitis involving hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin (see image), inflammation of the mouth and tongue, delirium, dementia, and if left untreated, death. [7]
This combination can lead to vitamin K deficiency and later onset bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the risk of blood coagulation problems due to impaired production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C and protein S by the liver. More rarely VKDB can be caused by maternal medicines causing vitamin K deficiency in the newborn. [2]
Niacin may raise heart disease risk, a study finds. Experts share what you need to know about vitamin B3 and its potential to trigger inflammation.
Niacin deficiency is a consequence of a diet low in both niacin and the amino acid tryptophan, a precursor for the vitamin. Low plasma tryptophan is a non-specific indicator, meaning it can have other causes. The signs and symptoms of niacin deficiency start to revert within days of oral supplementation with large amounts of the vitamin. [23] [24]
Liver disease or kidney disease: Niacin can accumulate in people with liver or kidney problems, potentially worsening their condition. [1] Bleeding disorders: Inositol nicotinate may slow blood clotting, increasing the risk of bleeding for individuals with clotting disorders or those undergoing surgery. [1]
Example of a label showing the amount of niacin (Vitamin B3), and specifying to be niacinamide in the ingredient section.. The United Stated adopted in 1942 the terms niacin to nicotinic acid and niacinamide to nicotinamide to avoid references to nicotine, [12] [13] the terms were incorporated into the United States Adopted Name [14] that was created later in 1961.
Hydrocortisones and valproic acid are also two drugs that can cause moderate bleeding from the gut. Amoxicillin and phenytoin have the ability to cause a vitamin B12 deficiency. [citation needed] Other common causes are thyroid disorders, lead toxicity, infectious diseases (e.g. malaria), alcoholism, and vitamin E deficiency. [citation needed]