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War of Independence: 1809–1826: Foundational Period: 1821–1842: Protectorate of Peru: ... This is a list of years in Peru. See also the timeline of Peruvian ...
The starting date for the guano era is commonly considered to be 1845, the year in which Castilla started his first administration. It ended shortly after the war between Spain and Peru in 1866. [citation needed]
This is a list of those who have served as President of the Republic of Peru (head of state and head of government of Peru) from its establishment to the present.The office was established by the 1822 Constituent Congress, after the resignation of José de San Martín to his position as Protector of Peru and his subsequent departure from the country.
Peruvian War of Independence: San Martín declared the independence of Peru. 1824: 9 December: Battle of Ayacucho: The Spanish army was defeated, marking the end of Spanish rule in South America. 1837: 9 May: The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was established. 1839: 25 August: The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was officially dissolved. 1866: 2 May
Peru declared independence from Spain in 1821, but achieved independence only after the Battle of Ayacucho three years later. Modern historiography of Peru divides its history into three main periods: [2] A pre-Hispanic period, which lasts from the first civilizations of the region to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
Because Peru was the stronghold of the Spanish government in South America, San Martín's strategy to liberate Peru was to use diplomacy. He sent representatives to Lima urging the Viceroy that Peru be granted independence, however, all negotiations proved unsuccessful. San Martín proclaiming the independence of Peru. Painting by Juan Lepiani.
During its more than 190 years of independence, Peru has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, coups and violence.
Consequently, San Martín arrived in Lima and proclaimed the independence of Peru on July 28, 1821, while standing on the balcony of the Casa del Oidor, located at the main square: [2] From this moment Peru is free and independent by the general will of the people and by the justice of its cause that God defends. Long live the Homeland!