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Heat can either improve or spoil gemstone color or clarity. The heating process has been well known to gem miners and cutters for centuries, and in many stone types heating is a common practice. Most citrine is made by heating amethyst, and partial heating with a strong gradient results in "ametrine" – a stone partly amethyst and partly citrine.
Gadolinite; Gahnite; Gahnospinel; Garnet group: Pyralspite. Almandine; Pyrope; Spessartine; Ugrandite. Andradite. Demantoid; Melanite; Topazolite; Grossular ...
Leaders of states in the U.S. which have significant mineral deposits often create a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone to promote interest in their natural resources, history, tourism, etc.
The name moonstone derives from the stone's characteristic visual effect, called adularescence (or schiller), which produces a milky, bluish interior light. This effect is caused by light diffraction through alternating layers of orthoclase and albite within the stone.
Jet is a type of lignite, [1] the lowest rank of coal, and is a gemstone.Unlike many gemstones, jet is not a mineral, but is rather a mineraloid. [2] It is derived from wood that has changed under extreme pressure.
Dispersion: 0.017 [1]: Ultraviolet fluorescence: Pink stones; inert to very weak red to violet in long and short wave [1]: Absorption spectra: Strong narrow band at 498 nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640 nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad band in the green spectrum [1]
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]
Beryl (/ ˈ b ɛr əl / BERR-əl) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18. [6] Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine.
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