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The Temporary Protection Directive (TPD; Council Directive 2001/55/EC) is a 2001 European Union directive providing for immediate, temporary protection for displaced people from outside the external border of the Union, intended to be used in exceptional circumstances when the regular EU asylum system has trouble handling a "mass influx" of refugees.
In the 1990s, refugees from the Yugoslav Wars sought asylum in Europe in large numbers. [99] In the 2010s, millions fled to Europe from wars in Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. More than 34,000 migrants and refugees have died trying to get to Europe since 1993, most often due to capsizing while trying to cross the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. [100]
Around November 2015, some European countries restricted family reunions for refugees, and started campaigns to dissuade people worldwide to migrate to Europe. EU leaders also quietly encouraged Balkan governments to only allow nationals from the most war-torn countries (Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq) to pass into the EU.
This is a list of prominent people who fled their native country, went into exile and found refuge in another country. The list follows the current legal concept of refugee only loosely. It also includes children of people who have fled. The people are ordered according to the field in which they made their names.
Rules for refugees and stateless people According to a table compiled by the European Commission, some Schengen countries grant visa-free entry to refugees or stateless people who reside in Ireland or in an Annex II country/territory: [53] Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Latvia: none; Belgium: refugees in Ireland, United States
The EU, in 2005, had an overall net gain from international migration of +1.8 million people. This accounts for almost 85% of Europe's total population growth in 2005. [46] In 2004, total 140,033 people immigrated to France. Of them, 90,250 were from Africa and 13,710 from Europe. [47] In 2005, immigration fell slightly to 135,890. [48]
The 2015 European migrant crisis was a period of significantly increased movement of refugees and migrants into Europe, namely from the Middle East.An estimated 1.3 million people came to the continent to request asylum, [2] the most in a single year since World War II. [3]
Under international law, a refugee is a person who has fled their own country of nationality or habitual residence, and cannot return due to fear of persecution on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.