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A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogate) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of biological blood. It aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusion , which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into another.
As soon as blood is drained from an animal, the respect has been shown to God, and then a person can eat the meat even though it may contain a small amount of blood. [77] Jehovah's Witnesses' view of meat and blood is different from that of kosher Jewish adherents, who go to great lengths to remove minor traces of blood. [111] [112]
During the early 1960s, American heart surgeon Denton Cooley successfully performed numerous bloodless open-heart surgeries on Jehovah's Witness patients. Fifteen years later, he and his associate published a report of more than 500 cardiac surgeries in this population, documenting that cardiac surgery could be safely performed without blood transfusion.
In all, Jehovah's Witnesses brought 23 separate First Amendment actions before the U.S. Supreme Court between 1938 and 1946. [36] [37] Supreme Court Justice Harlan Fiske Stone once quipped, "I think the Jehovah's Witnesses ought to have an endowment in view of the aid which they give in solving the legal problems of civil liberties." [38]
For religious reasons, Jehovah's Witnesses may choose not to accept any allogeneic transfusions from a volunteer's blood donation but may accept the use of autologous blood salvaged during surgery to restore their blood volume and homeostasis during the course of an operation, although not autologous blood donated beforehand. Each Jehovah's ...
However, recent JW publications state that a number of "blood products can be used by a Jehovah's Witness as a matter of personal choice and without any sanction from the local congregation. The June 15, 2000 Watchtower made subtle but important changes to official policy. These relate primarily to the way blood products are classified.
Michael V. Turner, a spokesman for the local Jehovah's Witnesses, said more than 4,800 people are expected to attend the event. Michael V. Turner, a spokesman for the local Jehovah's Witnesses ...
Some Jehovah's Witnesses may accept prohibited blood products if medical confidentiality is upheld, [283] although Jehovah's Witnesses who work in a hospital may break such confidentiality. [284] Jehovah's Witness patients are generally open to non-blood alternative treatments, even if they are less effective. [283]