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In the laboratory, methyl formate can be produced by the condensation reaction of methanol and formic acid, as follows: . HCOOH + CH 3 OH → HCOOCH 3 + H 2 O. Industrial methyl formate, however, is usually produced by the combination of methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation) in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide: [4]
(CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 COOH 2-methylbutanoic acid: 2-methylbutiric acid: CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3)COOH 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid: pivalic acid trimethylacetic acid neopentanoic acid (CH 3) 3 CCOOH 3-hydroxypentanoic acid: β-hydroxyvaleric acid 3-hydroxyvaleric acid β-hydroxypentanoate: CH 3 CH 2 CHOHCH 2 COOH 4-hydroxypentanoic acid: γ-hydroxyvaleric ...
HCO 2 CH 3 + H 2 O → HCOOH + CH 3 OH. Efficient hydrolysis of methyl formate requires a large excess of water. Some routes proceed indirectly by first treating the methyl formate with ammonia to give formamide, which is then hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid: HCO 2 CH 3 + NH 3 → HC(O)NH 2 + CH 3 OH 2 HC(O)NH 2 + 2H 2 O + H 2 SO 4 → 2HCO 2 H ...
Formate salts have the formula M(O 2 CH)(H 2 O) x. Such salts are prone to decarboxylation. For example, hydrated nickel formate decarboxylates at about 200 °C with reduction of the Ni 2+ to finely powdered nickel metal: Ni(HCO 2) 2 (H 2 O) 2 → Ni + 2 CO 2 + 2 H 2 O + H 2. Such fine powders are useful as hydrogenation catalysts. [1]
Formamide is an amide derived from formic acid.It is a colorless liquid which is miscible with water and has an ammonia-like odor.It is chemical feedstock for the manufacture of sulfa drugs and other pharmaceuticals, herbicides and pesticides, and in the manufacture of hydrocyanic acid.
The study, published in Environmental Health Perspectives, examined the effects of PM2.5, a mixture of microscopic particles measuring less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.
Use a medium (1 1/2 tablespoon) cookie scoop to portion the macaroons onto the lined baking sheet at least 1/2 an inch apart. Bake, rotating the baking sheet halfway through cooking, until golden ...
For esters such as ethyl acetate (CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 3), ethyl formate (HCOOCH 2 CH 3) or dimethyl phthalate that are based on common acids, IUPAC recommends use of these established names, called retained names. The "-oate" changes to "-ate." Some simple examples, named both ways, are shown in the figure above.