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The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
The Spanish expeditions into the Philippines were also part of a larger Ibero-Islamic world conflict [213] that included a war against the Ottoman Caliphate which had just invaded former Christian lands in the Eastern Mediterranean and which had a center of operations in Southeast Asia at its nearby vassal, the Sultanate of Aceh. [214]
Among the nobility were leaders called datus, responsible for ruling autonomous groups called barangay or dulohan. [6] When these barangays banded together, either to form a larger settlement [ 6 ] or a geographically looser alliance group, [ 7 ] the more esteemed among them would be recognized as a "paramount datu", [ 6 ] [ 18 ] rajah , or ...
The present name of the Philippines was bestowed by the Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos [1] [2] or one of his captains Bernardo de la Torre [3] [4] in 1543, during an expedition intended to establish greater Spanish control at the western end of the division of the world established between Spain and Portugal by the treaties of Tordesillas and Zaragoza.
The Philippines, [g] officially the Republic of the Philippines, [h] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. In the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of 7,641 islands, with a total area of roughly 300,000 square kilometers, which are broadly categorized in three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
The colonial map was redrawn following the defeat of the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire after the World War I (1914–18). Colonies from the defeated empires were transferred to the newly founded League of Nations, which itself redistributed it to the victorious powers as "mandates".
In the Philippines — where Spanish and later U.S. colonial rule persisted for nearly four centuries — June 12 is the real Independence Day. Since 2023, the Philippines has faced increasingly ...
During the era of European colonization, territories of the Spanish Empire in Asia were known as the Spanish East Indies for 333 years before the American conquest and later the independence of the Philippines. Dutch occupied colonies in the area were known for about 300 years as the Dutch East Indies until Indonesian independence.