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The Modigliani–Miller theorem (of Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller) is an influential element of economic theory; it forms the basis for modern thinking on capital structure. [1] The basic theorem states that in the absence of taxes , bankruptcy costs, agency costs , and asymmetric information , and in an efficient market , the enterprise ...
A further and related observation is that these dividends attract a higher tax rate as compared, e.g., to capital gains from the firm repurchasing shares as an alternative payout policy. For other considerations, see dividend policy and Pecking order theory. A range of explanations is provided.
The Modigliani–Miller theorem states that dividend policy does not influence the value of the firm. [4] The theory, more generally, is framed in the context of capital structure, and states that — in the absence of taxes, bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and asymmetric information, and in an efficient market — the enterprise value of a firm is unaffected by how that firm is financed: i.e ...
The Wallace neutrality [1] (also known as Wallace Irrelevance Proposition, [2] [3] Modigliani–Miller theorem for government finance [4]), is an economics proposition asserting that in certain environment, holding fiscal policy constant, alternative paths of the government financial policies have no effect on the sequences for the price level and for real allocations in the economy.
Stock returns do not include dividends. All directors refers to people who sat on the board of at least one Fortune 100 company between 2008 and 2012. The Pay Pals project relies on financial research conducted by the Center for Economic Policy and Research. Sources: Google Finance, Yahoo Finance .
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Richard B. Myers joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 4.8 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.
Merton Howard Miller (May 16, 1923 – June 3, 2000) was an American economist, and the co-author of the Modigliani–Miller theorem (1958), which proposed the irrelevance of debt-equity structure. He shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1990, along with Harry Markowitz and William F. Sharpe .
Financial strength and reputation. Check that your insurer's earned strong ratings from agencies like A.M. Best, which indicates a company's financial strength to pay claims reliably.