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A DC motor's speed and torque characteristics vary according to three different magnetization sources, separately excited field, self-excited field or permanent-field, which are used selectively to control the motor over the mechanical load's range. Self-excited field motors can be series, shunt, or a compound wound connected to the armature.
The motor speed varies as a non-linear function of load torque and armature current; current is common to both the stator and rotor yielding current squared (I^2) behavior [citation needed]. A series motor has very high starting torque and is commonly used for starting high inertia loads, such as trains, elevators or hoists. [2]
An electronic speed control (ESC) is an electronic circuit that controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor. It may also provide reversing of the motor and dynamic braking. Miniature electronic speed controls are used in electrically powered radio controlled models. Full-size electric vehicles also have systems to control the speed of ...
In vector control, an AC induction or synchronous motor is controlled under all operating conditions like a separately excited DC motor. [21] That is, the AC motor behaves like a DC motor in which the field flux linkage and armature flux linkage created by the respective field and armature (or torque component) currents are orthogonally aligned such that, when torque is controlled, the field ...
The rating of a brushless motor is the ratio of the motor's unloaded rotational speed (measured in RPM) to the peak (not RMS) voltage on the wires connected to the coils (the back EMF). For example, an unloaded motor of K v {\displaystyle K_{\text{v}}} = 5,700 rpm/V supplied with 11.1 V will run at a nominal speed of 63,270 rpm (= 5,700 rpm/V ...
Vector control allows independent control of the speed and torque of the motor, making it possible to maintain a constant rotation speed at varying load torque. But vector control is more expensive because of the cost of the sensor (not always) and the requirement for a more powerful controller. [43]
The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a type of reluctance motor. Unlike brushed DC motors , power is delivered to windings in the stator (case) rather than the rotor . This simplifies mechanical design because power does not have to be delivered to the moving rotor, which eliminates the need for a commutator .
The speed and torque characteristics of a wound-rotor motor can be adjusted by changing the external resistance, unlike a squirrel cage motor which has a fixed characteristic. This is useful for speed control of the motor. [1] A wound-rotor motor can be used in several forms of adjustable-speed drive. Common applications include hoists and ...