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German yellowjackets are known to be especially successful and destructive invaders of new territories. These wasps are polyphagous predators which feed on native arthropods , and because they are able to outdo many other animals for food, they have caused considerable harm to the indigenous wildlife of areas which they have invaded.
Face of a southern yellowjacket (Vespula squamosa)Yellowjackets may be confused with other wasps, such as hornets and paper wasps such as Polistes dominula.A typical yellowjacket worker is about 12 mm (0.47 in) long, with alternating bands on the abdomen; the queen is larger, about 19 mm (0.75 in) long (the different patterns on their abdomens help separate various species).
While most species of this genus inhabit North America, four Vespula species inhabit Europe, namely V. austriaca, V. germanica, V. rufa, and V. vulgaris.; Two common European species, the German wasp (V. germanica) and the common wasp (V. vulgaris), have established in other countries; both species are now found in New Zealand, Australia, and South America, while the former has also been ...
In the more common raid, yellowjackets enter individually and experience no apparent opposition. [15] V. pensylvanica utilize their mandibles to scrape weathered wood and dried herbaceous stems to obtain resources rich in fiber. [13] Most yellowjackets forage relatively close to the nest. The foraging distance ranges between 540 and 1800 feet.
Vespula vulgaris, known as the common wasp, is a species found in regions that include the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, India, China, New Zealand [1] and Australia. It is sometimes known in English as the European wasp, but the same name is used for the species Vespula germanica or German wasp.
European hornets benefit from legal protection in some countries, notably Germany, where killing a European hornet or nest has been illegal since January 1, 1987, with a fine up to €50,000. [25] However, the highest reported fine levied in Germany for killing of wasps was €45, and experts report that fines are rarely imposed. [26] [27]
Vespula atropilosa is a black and yellow wasp.It ranges from 10 to 15 mm in size. In some places males have two different abdominal patterns of coloring: one with less black than yellow (xanthic) and the other with less yellow than black (). [3]
The Hochkönig in the Berchtesgaden Alps. This list of mountain and hill ranges in Germany contains a selection of the main mountain and hill regions in Germany.. In addition the list shows the highest (German) mountain in the range together with its height above sea level (taken as Normalnull (NN)) and the state in which its highest elevation is located.