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Dutch is a monocentric language, at least what concerns its written form, with all speakers using the same standard form (authorised by the Dutch Language Union) based on a Dutch orthography defined in the so-called "Green Booklet" authoritative dictionary and employing the Latin alphabet when writing; however, pronunciation varies between ...
During the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, the Low Franconian dialects now spoken in Germany, used Middle Dutch or Early Modern Dutch as their literary language and Dachsprache. Following a 19th-century change in Prussian language policy, use of Dutch as an official and public language was forbidden; resulting in Standard German taking its ...
Pennsylvania Dutch (Deitsch, Pennsilfaanisch-Deitsch ⓘ or Pennsilfaanisch) or Pennsylvania German is a variety of Palatine German [3] spoken by the Pennsylvania Dutch, including the Amish, Mennonites, Fancy Dutch, and other related groups in the United States and Canada. There are approximately 300,000 native speakers of Pennsylvania Dutch in ...
While it's not celebrated nationwide, St. Nicholas Day holds a special place for German and Dutch communities across the U.S. Festivities and traditions are held in various cities, including in ...
Note that some of the shown similarities of Frisian and English vis-à-vis Dutch and German are secondary and not due to a closer relationship between them. For example, the plural of the word for "sheep" was originally unchanged in all four languages and still is in some Dutch dialects and a great deal of German dialects.
The primary differences between these groups lie in their religious practices, lifestyle, language use, and cultural integration. The Plain Dutch are more conservative and focused on maintaining their distinct cultural identity, whereas the Church Dutch are more assimilated and open to modern influences.
These forms fall somewhere in between these two languages. As in German, the adjectives in Low German may make a distinction between singular and plural to agree with the nouns that they modify, [91] as well as between the three genders, between the nominative and oblique cases and between indefinite (weak) and definite (strong) forms. [92]
Though it is seldom used (most Dutch keyboards use US International layout), [10] the Dutch layout uses QWERTY and adds the € sign, the diaeresis ( ̈), the German eszett (ß), the pilcrow (¶), the (US) cent sign (¢), the Greek letter µ (for the micro-sign), the braces ({ }) and the guillemet quotation marks (« »), as well as having ...