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Gap junctions use protein complexes known as connexons to connect one cell to another. The proteins are called connexins. Gap junction proteins include the more than 26 types of connexin, and at least 12 non-connexin components that make up the gap junction complex or nexus. [4]
Connexins are commonly named according to their molecular weights, e.g. Cx26 is the connexin protein of 26 kDa. A competing nomenclature is the gap junction protein system, where connexins are sorted by their α (GJA) and β (GJB) forms, with additional connexins grouped into the C, D and E groupings, followed by an identifying number, e.g. GJA1 corresponds to Cx43.
Gap junction beta-1 protein (GJB1), also known as connexin 32 (Cx32), is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the GJB1 gene. [a] [5] Gap junction beta-1 protein is a member of the gap junction connexin family of proteins that regulates and controls the transfer of communication signals across cell membranes, primarily in the liver and peripheral nervous system. [6]
This nomenclature emphasizes that GJB1 and GJB2 are more homologous to each other than either of them is to gap junction protein, alpha GJA1. [5] Gap junction beta-2 protein is a member of the connexin protein family and plays a crucial role in forming gap junctions, which are channels that allow the transport of nutrients, ions, and signaling ...
Gap junctions are collections of intercellular channels that allow ions and other tiny molecules to move directly between cells. [1] [14] These junctions are made up of a number of gap junction channels that consist of two connexons, each with six protein subunits called connexin, and a gene family of nearly 20 members encodes the connexins found in mammals [14] [15]
The permeability of these junctions is dependent on a variety of factors including protein makeup of that junction, tissue type and signaling from the cells. [1] Tight junctions are made up of many different proteins. The four main transmembrane proteins are occludin, claudin, junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) and tricellulins. The ...
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1), also known as connexin 43 (Cx43), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJA1 gene on chromosome 6. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] As a connexin , GJA1 is a component of gap junctions , which allow for gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) between cells to regulate cell death , proliferation , and ...
Gap junction proteins. Gap junction α (GJA) proteins. GJA1, Cx43, gap junction alpha-1 protein; GJA2, Cx38, gap junction alpha-2 protein; GJA3, Cx46, gap junction alpha-3 protein; GJA4, Cx37, gap junction alpha-4 protein; GJA5, Cx40, gap junction alpha-5 protein; GJA6, Cx33 gap junction alpha-6 protein; GJA7, Cx44.3-45.6, gap junction alpha-7 ...