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Latin tenses do not have exact English equivalents, so that often the same tense can be translated in different ways depending on its context: for example, dūcō can be translated as 'I lead', 'I am leading' or 'I led', and dūxī can be translated as 'I led' and 'I have led'. [6]
From a semantic perspective, a tense is a temporal circumstance in which an event takes place relative to a given point in time. [i] [ii] [iii] It is absolute (primary) if it relates the represented event to the time of the speech event [iv] [v] [vi] [vii] and it is relative if it relates the represented event to the time of another event in the context of discourse.
Latin phonology is the system of sounds used in various kinds of Latin. ... as in iam /jam/ and etiam /ˈe.ti.am/, ... Translation: "I sing of arms and the man, who ...
The official summary chart of the IPA, revised in 2020 The International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA ) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script . It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech . [ 1 ]
Latin example English translation Comment incipient past habit 'imperfect indicative' quō postquam fuga inclīnāvit, aliī in aquam caecī ruēbant, aliī dum cunctantur in rīpīs oppressī (Livy) [99] after the rout began, some began rushing blindly into the water, others, while they were hesitating on the banks, were crushed
-re was the regular form in early Latin and (except in the present indicative) in Cicero; -ris was preferred later. [6] In early Latin , the 3rd singular endings -at and -et were pronounced -āt and -ēt with a long vowel. [6] Other forms: Infinitive: amāre "to love" Passive infinitive: amārī "to be loved" (in early Latin often amārier) [6]
Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined—that is, have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender. Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are declined (verbs are conjugated ), and a given pattern is called a declension.
Latin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order. Nouns are inflected for number and case; pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender; and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood.