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EnergyPlus [1] is a whole-building energy simulation program that engineers, architects, and researchers use to model both energy consumption — for heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, and process and plug loads — and water use in buildings. Its development is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Office. [1]
Depiction of New York World Building fire in New York City in 1882. Building codes in the United States are a collection of regulations and laws adopted by state and local jurisdictions that set “minimum requirements for how structural systems, plumbing, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (), natural gas systems and other aspects of residential and commercial buildings should be ...
The following is based on the International Building Code, the most commonly used building code in the United States: Assembly (Group A) - places used for people gathering for entertainment, worship, and eating or drinking. Examples: churches, restaurants (with 50 or more possible occupants), theaters, and stadiums.
A building code (also building control or building regulations) is a set of rules that specify the standards for construction objects such as buildings and non-building structures. Buildings must conform to the code to obtain planning permission , usually from a local council.
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard published by ASHRAE and jointly sponsored by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) that provides minimum requirements for energy efficient designs for buildings except for low-rise residential buildings (i.e. single-family homes ...
Annex 40: Building Commissioning to Improve Energy Performance (2001-2004) [12] Annex 41:Whole Building Heat, Air and Moisture Response (MOIST-ENG) (2003-2007) Annex 42: The Simulation of Building-Integrated Fuel Cell and Other Cogeneration Systems (FC+COGEN-SIM) (2003-2007) Annex 43: Testing and Validation of Building Energy Simulation Tools ...
The United States has been particularly slow to adopt limit state design (known as Load and Resistance Factor Design in the US). Design codes and standards are issued by diverse organizations, some of which have adopted limit state design, and others have not. The ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete uses Limit State design.
The selection of occupancy sensing devices depends on the size of the space being monitored, the budget for sensors, the desired accuracy, the goal of the sensor (detecting occupant presence or count), and security considerations. Unlike occupant presence data, acquiring occupant preference data requires direct feedback from building occupants.