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12AX7 (also known as ECC83 [1]) is a miniature dual-triode vacuum tube with high voltage gain. Developed around 1946 by RCA engineers [ 2 ] in Camden, New Jersey , under developmental number A-4522, it was released for public sale under the 12AX7 identifier on September 15, 1947.
12AT7 (also known in Europe by the Mullard–Philips tube designation of ECC81) is a miniature nine-pin medium-gain (60) dual-triode vacuum tube popular in guitar amplifiers. It belongs to a large family of dual triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (EIA 9A), including in particular the very commonly used low- mu 12AU7 and high-mu 12AX7 .
B309 = 12AT7/ECC81 – High-mu dual triode. Commonly used as R.F. amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits. B719 = 6AQ8/ECC85 – Dual RF triode, RF Amp & Mixer in FM receivers, noval base. D41 = V914 – Indirectly heated, Dual Detector Diode, British 5-pin base. D42 – Indirectly heated, Single Detector Diode, British 4-pin base.
[4] This contrasts with the 6AB4/EC92 and 12AT7/ECC81 which are both R.F. devices operating up to VHF. Double triodes of the 12AU7 family have a center-tapped filament for use in either 6.3V 300mA or 12.6V 150mA heater circuits. As of 2012 the 12AU7 continued to be manufactured in Russia, Slovakia (JJ Electronic), and China. Tronix 12AU7
For example, the 12AX7 is a double triode (two sets of three electrodes plus heater) with a 12.6V heater (which, as it happens, can also be connected to run from 6.3V). The "AX" designates this tube's characteristics. Similar, but not identical, tubes are the 12AD7, 12AE7...12AT7, 12AU7, 12AV7, 12AW7 (rare), 12AY7, and the 12AZ7.
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The first two 7025 valves are used for the first stage pre-amps (one 'normal' channel and one 'vibrato'), the second 7025 being used for the reverb recovery and mixing stages. The single 12AT7 was used for the reverb driver while the 12AX7 was used for the vibrato circuit.
This base type was used by many of the United States and most of the European tubes, e.g., 12AX7-ECC83, EF86 and EL84, produced commercially towards the end of the era before transistors largely displaced their use. The IEC 67-I-12a specification calls for a 36-degree angle between the nine pins of 1.016 mm thickness, in an arc of diameter 11. ...
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