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Muslims believe the Quran refers to figures, prophets, and events in the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament because these books are predecessors of the Quran, also revealed by the one true omnipotent God. The differences between these books and the Quran can be explained (Muslims believed) by the flawed processes of transmission and ...
What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text and Commentary (2002) is a book edited by Ibn Warraq and published by Prometheus Books. [1] The book is a collection of classical essays, some translated for the first time, that provide commentary on the traditions and language of the Koran, discussing its grammatical and logical discontinuities, its Syriac and Hebrew foreign vocabulary, and its ...
[23] [24] [25] He believed that Islam does not have a monopoly on truth. [2] [26] [22]: 224 Apologetic writings, attributed to the philosopher Abd-Allah ibn al-Muqaffa (d. c. 756), include defenses of Manichaeism against Islam and critiques of the Islamic concept of God, characterizing the Quranic deity in highly critical terms.
The Quran is viewed to be the scriptural foundation of Islam and is believed by Muslims to have been sent down by Allah (God) and revealed to Muhammad by the angel Jibreel . Muslims have not used historical criticism in the study of the Quran, but they have used textual criticism in a similar way used by Christians and Jews. [1]
The Quran repeatedly and firmly asserts God's absolute oneness, thus ruling out the possibility of another being sharing his sovereignty or nature. [1] In Islam, the Holy Spirit is believed to be the Angel Gabriel. [2] Muslims have explicitly rejected Christian doctrines of the Trinity from an early date. [1] [3]
Charles Matthews writes that there is a "large debate about what the Quran commands as regards the "sword verses" and the "peace verses". According to Matthews, "the question of the proper prioritization of these verses, and how they should be understood in relation to one another, has been a central issue for Islamic thinking about war."
According to Rashid Rida's book Tafsir al-Manar the Quran is like a picture of the world that was written by Arabs in the seventh century. He clarified that certain passages concerning witchcraft and the evil eye are merely metaphors for their beliefs. Other verses pertaining to miracles and events mentioned in the Quran are also merely ...
Opponents of predestination in early Islam, (al-Qadariyah, MuÊ¿tazila) argued that if God has already determined everything that will happen, God's human creation cannot really have free will over decisions to do good or evil, or control of whether they suffer eternal torment in Jahannam—which is something that (the opponents believe) a just ...