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Aircraft utilizing three or more spars are considered multi-spar aircraft. Using multiple spars allows for an equivalent overall strength of wing, but with multiple, smaller, spars, which in turn allow for a thinner wing or tail structure (at a cost of increased complexity and difficulty of packaging additional equipment such as fuel tanks ...
Wing ribs of a de Havilland DH.60 Moth. In an aircraft, ribs are forming elements of the airframe structure of a wing, especially in traditional construction.. By analogy with the anatomical definition of "rib", the ribs attach to the main spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals, form a skeletal shape for the wing.
The wing structure comprised steel spars with duralumin ribs and covering, and was braced using steel struts. The aircraft's tail assembly was also composed of duralumin. It was powered by three Bristol Jupiter radial engines, rated at 420 horsepower (310 kW) each, with one mounted in the nose and the other two on the leading edge of the wing ...
While internal wing structure commonly provides much of the strength via a combination of spars, ribs and stringers, the external skin typically carries a proportion of the loads too. On many aircraft, the inner volume of the wingbox has also been used to store fuel, which is commonly referred to as being a wet wing design. [1]
The spars are made of spruce wood with plywood wooden wing ribs. The base engine is a Lycoming O-360 180 hp (134 kW) engine, but alternative examples have been built using the Lycoming IO-540, Ranger, Ford V-8 and V-6, Continental, Jacobs, and even Pratt & Whitney R-985 engines. [2]
The Hawks Miller HM-1, named Time Flies was an American racing aircraft that was the joint project of pilot-owner, Frank Hawks and Howell W. "Pete" Miller, chief engineer for the Granville Brothers. Although very advanced for its time with an enclosed cockpit that highlighted its streamlined lines, development ended after a crash during testing.
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It had a wooden framework that comprised a pair of equal-size box spars. [5] The ribs of the main box were interspersed between intermediate trellis ribs. Supported by several wooden strips in addition to the spars, the exterior was covered with plywood, the latter being treated with fireproof dope. [5]