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It is used either by mouth or injection into a muscle. [8] Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9] It is a first-generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals. [8] [4] Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and dry mouth. [8] [9] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation. [9]
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms , pain , and hyperreflexia . The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics .
Both dicyclomine and hyoscyamine are antispasmodic due to their anticholinergic action. [medical citation needed] Both of these drugs have side effects common to anticholinergics and can worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [2] Papaverine is an opium alkaloid used to treat visceral spasms, particularly those of the intestines. [3]
Cause histamine release, so greater side effects comparing with Atracurium; Rarely used Atracurium: Safer alternative to tubocurarine with less side effects; Surgical anaesthetic & intubation facilitate endotracheal intubation and provide skeletal muscle relaxation to reduce the risk of laryngeal injury. [12]
Adverse effects occur in fewer than 1% of patients and include muscle weakness, headache, arterial hypotension, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and dry mouth. All effects are reversible. [3] [4] Allergic reactions occur in fewer than 0.1% of patient and include skin rash, hives, Quincke's edema, and in some cases anaphylactic shock. [3] [7] [8] [9]
Hydralazine is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant and acts as a vasodilator primarily in resistance arterioles, also known as the smooth muscle of the arterial bed. The molecular mechanism involves inhibition of inositol trisphosphate-induced Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in arterial smooth muscle cells.
Chlorphenesin carbamate (Maolate, Musil) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle pain and spasms. [1] [2] Chlorphenesin carbamate is no longer used for this purpose in most developed nations due to the availability of much safer spasmolytics such as benzodiazepines. Other central effects include sedation, anxiolysis, and ...
Side effects of thiocolchicoside can include nausea, allergy and vasovagal reactions. [15] Liver injury, pancreatitis, seizures, blood cell disorders, severe cutaneous disorders, rhabdomyolysis, and reproductive disorders have all been recorded in the French and European pharmacovigilance databases and in the periodic updates that the companies concerned submit to regulatory agencies.
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