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A galactocele (also called lacteal cyst or milk cyst) is a retention cyst containing milk or a milky substance that is usually located in the mammary glands. They can occur in women during or shortly after lactation. [1] They present as a firm mass, often subareolar, and are caused by the obstruction of a lactiferous duct.
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Microdochectomy is a standard treatment of in case there is nipple discharge which stems from a single duct. [2] There are preliminary indications that if ductoscopy and close follow-up are performed, in some cases microdochectomy may not be necessary despite bloody nipple discharge.
With galactography, a larger part of the ductal system can be visualized than with the endoscopic investigation of a duct (called galactoscopy or ductoscopy). Causes for nipple discharge include duct ectasia , intraductal papilloma , and occasionally ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma .
Excessive tearing is the most common complaint of patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, followed by acute or chronic infections. [3] Pain at the side of the nose suggests dacryocystitis. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is more common with increasing age and more common in females than males. [3]
Pelodera strongyloides (syn. Rhabditis strongyloides) is a normally free-living nematode that occurs worldwide in moist, decaying organic material and whose larva L3 occasionally infects the skin of dogs. Infection occurs through direct contact with larvae-containing material in moist and soiled bedding (for example, when moist straw is used as ...
In raw milk samples spiked with high amounts of bird flu virus, small amounts of infectious virus were still detectable after treatment with a standard pasteurization method, researchers said on ...
Duct ectasia may be treated with surgical removal of the ducts involved. [2] Infectious causes may require antibiotics or incision and drainage. [2] Nipple discharge is the third most common breast complaint by women, after breast pain and a breast lump. [4] About 3% of breast cancer cases are associated with discharge. [4] [9]