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Deneb spent much of its early life as an O-type main-sequence star of about 23 M ☉, but it has now exhausted the hydrogen in its core and expanded to become a supergiant. [ 7 ] [ 33 ] Stars in the mass range of Deneb eventually expand to become the most luminous red supergiants , and within a few million years their cores will collapse ...
By the end of their lives red supergiants may have lost a substantial fraction of their initial mass. The more massive supergiants lose mass much more rapidly and all red supergiants appear to reach a similar mass of the order of 10 M ☉ by the time their cores collapse. The exact value depends on the initial chemical makeup of the star and ...
Supergiants typically have surface gravities of around log(g) 2.0 cgs and lower, although bright giants (luminosity class II) have statistically very similar surface gravities to normal Ib supergiants. [20] Cool luminous supergiants have lower surface gravities, with the most luminous (and unstable) stars having log(g) around zero. [9]
The most massive red supergiants will evolve back to blue supergiants, Luminous blue variables, or Wolf-Rayet stars before their cores collapse, and Mu Cephei appears to be massive enough for this to happen. A post-red supergiant will produce a type IIn or type II-b supernova, while a Wolf Rayet star will produce a type Ib or Ic supernova. [32]
RSGC1-F13 is a peculiar red supergiant which is unusually red compared to the other stars. [7] It is notable for having the highest mass-loss rate in the cluster at (2.7 ± 0.8) × 10 −5 M ☉ /yr. [ 6 ] The star also has detected masers of SiO, H 2 O, and OH. [ 6 ]
Betelgeuse is a red supergiant that has evolved from an O-type main-sequence star. After core hydrogen exhaustion, Betelgeuse evolved into a blue supergiant before evolving into its current red supergiant form. [98] Its core will eventually collapse, producing a supernova explosion and leaving behind a compact remnant. The details depend on the ...
Theoretically, a red supergiant star may be too massive to explode into a supernova, and collapse directly into being a black hole, without the bright flash. They would however generate a burst of gravitational waves. This process would occur in the higher mass red supergiants, explaining the absence of observed supernovae with such progenitors.
N6946-BH1 is a disappearing supergiant star and failed supernova candidate formerly seen in the galaxy NGC 6946, on the northern border of the constellation of Cygnus.The star, either a red supergiant [1] or a yellow hypergiant, [3] was 25 times the mass of the Sun, and was 20 million light years distant from Earth.