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Cervical spinal nerve 4, also called C4, is a spinal nerve of the cervical segment. It originates from the spinal cord above the 4th cervical vertebra (C4). It contributes nerve fibers to the phrenic nerve , the motor nerve to the thoracoabdominal diaphragm .
Each CPG generates a basic motor output pattern that is responsible for the rhythmic contractions of flexor-extensor muscles that correspond to the forelimbs and hindlimbs. [3] There exist neural substrates that control bilateral limb coordination, particularly in the lumbar spinal circuits controlling the hindlimbs of quadruped mammals. [4]
Central pattern generators also contribute to locomotion in humans. In 1994, Calancie, et al. described the "first well-defined example of a central rhythm generator for stepping in the adult human." The subject was a 37-year-old male who suffered an injury to the cervical spinal cord 17 years prior.
The injured spinal cord is an “altered” spinal cord. After a SCI, supraspinal and spinal sources of control of movement differ substantially from that which existed prior to the injury, [20] thus resulting in an altered spinal cord. The automaticity of posture and locomotion emerge from the interactions between peripheral nervous system ...
The thyrohyoid branch [1] (also: thyrohyoid branch of ansa cervicalis, [2] or nerve to thyrohyoid (muscle) [2] [3]: 595, 600 ) is a motor branch derived from the cervical plexus [2] [2] [3]: 595, 600 [4]: 457, 709 formed by fibres of (the anterior ramus of [3]: 600 ) the cervical spinal nerve 1 (C1) [3]: 582 [5] [6] [4]: 457, 709 (and - according to some sources - cervical spinal nerve 2 (C2 ...
The spinal cord is a uniformly organized, cylindrical structure of white and gray matter that is separated into four regions: cervical (C), thoracic (T), lumbar (L), and sacral (S). Each area is made up of many segments. Motor and sensory nerve fibers to and from every area of the body are found in the spinal nerve. A dermatome is innervated by ...
There are 33 spinal cord nerve segments in a human spinal cord: 8 cervical segments forming 8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1 spinal nerves exit spinal column between occiput and C1 vertebra; C2 nerves exit between posterior arch of C1 vertebra and lamina of C2 vertebra; C3-C8 spinal nerves through IVF above corresponding cervica vertebra, with ...
The supraclavicular nerve is a cutaneous (sensory) nerve of the cervical plexus that arises from the third and fourth cervical (spinal) nerves. It emerges from beneath the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, then split into multiple branches. Together, these innervate the skin over the shoulder.