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These are used to create the colors in pyrotechnic compositions like fireworks and colored fires. The color-producing species are usually created from other chemicals during the reaction. Metal salts are commonly used; elemental metals are used rarely (e.g. copper for blue flames).
Flame coloring is also a good way to demonstrate how fire changes when subjected to heat and how they also change the matter around them. [1] [2] To color their flames, pyrotechnicians will generally use metal salts. Specific combinations of fuels and co-solvents are required in order to dissolve the necessary chemicals.
Gallic acid – used in some whistle mixes; sensitive to impact and friction, there are safer alternatives; Potassium picrate – used in some whistle compositions, safer than gallic acid but still dangerous, with heavy metals (e.g. lead) forms explosive salts; Terephthalic acid – a fuel in some smoke compositions
Strontium chloride (SrCl 2) is a salt of strontium and chloride.It is a 'typical' salt, forming neutral aqueous solutions. As with all compounds of strontium, this salt emits a bright red colour in flame, and is commonly used in fireworks to that effect.
Pyrotechnic stars are pellets of pyrotechnic composition which may contain metal powders, salts or other compounds that, when ignited, burn a certain color or make a certain spark effect. They are a part of all projectile-type fireworks. The most common is the aerial shell.
Strontium aluminate is frequently used in glow in the dark toys, as it is chemically and biologically inert. [69] Strontium salts are added to fireworks in order to create red colors. Strontium carbonate and other strontium salts are added to fireworks to give a deep red colour. [70] This same effect identifies strontium cations in the flame test.
Other metal oxides can be used, such as chromium oxide, to generate the given metal in its elemental form. For example, a copper thermite reaction using copper oxide and elemental aluminum can be used for creating electric joints in a process called cadwelding , that produces elemental copper (it may react violently):
This colorless crystalline solid is a common oxidizer used in fireworks, ammunition percussion caps, explosive primers, and is used variously in propellants, flash compositions, stars, and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application it has mostly been replaced by the more performant ammonium perchlorate.