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Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. [1] [2] Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area.
In June 2019, one million species of plants and animals were at risk of extinction. At least 571 plant species have been lost since 1750, but likely many more. The main cause of the extinctions is the destruction of natural habitats by human activities, such as cutting down forests and converting land into fields for farming. [21]
List of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha animals extinct in the Holocene; List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene; List of European species extinct in the Holocene. List of extinct animals of the British Isles; List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene. List of Antillian and Bermudan animals extinct in the Holocene
Examples of species and subspecies that are extinct in the wild include (in alphabetical order): Abutilon pitcairnense (last surviving plant destroyed in 2005) [6]; Alagoas curassow (last unconfirmed sighting reported in the late 1980s, listed extinct in the wild since 1994) [7]
The extinction's extreme bias towards larger animals further supports a relationship with human activity rather than climate change. [150] There is evidence that the average size of mammalian fauna declined over the course of the Quaternary, [ 151 ] a phenomenon that was likely linked to disproportionate hunting of large animals by humans.
Functional extinction is the extinction of a species or other taxon such that: It disappears from the fossil record , or historic reports of its existence cease; [ 1 ] The reduced population no longer plays a significant role in ecosystem function; [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
A printed description of this exhibition offered a similar definition, omitting reference to plants: "An endling is the name given to an animal that is the last of its species." [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In The Flight of the Emu: A Hundred Years of Australian Ornithology 1901-2001 , author Libby Robin stated that "the very last individual of a species" is ...
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. . Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmenta