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Cholera (/ ˈ k ɒ l ər ə /) is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. [4] [3] Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. [3]The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea lasting a few days. [2]
[10] [79] Cholera causes about three to five million cases of disease and kills approximately 100,000 people yearly. [31] In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year that result in significant gastroenteritis. [17] It is less common in adults, partly due to the development of ...
Descriptions of cholera are found as early as the 5th century BC in Sanskrit. [4] The study of cholera in England by John Snow, between 1849 and 1854, led to significant advances in the field of epidemiology. [4] [10] Seven large outbreaks have occurred over the last 200 years, with millions of deaths. [11]
The bacterium as the cause of cholera was discovered by Robert Koch in 1884. Sambhu Nath De isolated the cholera toxin and demonstrated the toxin as the cause of cholera in 1959. The bacterium has a flagellum (a tail like structure) at one pole and several pili throughout its cell surface. It undergoes respiratory and fermentative metabolism.
CDC recommends that children and adults with cholera also continue to eat. [98] There is no evidence that early refeeding in children can cause an increase in inappropriate use of intravenous fluid, episodes of vomiting, and risk of having persistent diarrhea. [99]
For those prone to serious infections, such as bacillary dysentery, amoebic dysentery, and cholera, TD can occasionally be life-threatening. [13] Others at higher-than-average risk include young adults, immunosuppressed persons, persons with inflammatory bowel disease or diabetes, and those taking H2 blockers or antacids. [12]
Typically, dementia is associated with classic symptoms like confusion and memory loss. But new research finds that there could be a less obvious risk factor out there: your cholesterol levels ...
Depending on the underlying cause of dehydration, other symptoms may be present as well. Excessive sweating from exercise may be associated with muscle cramps. Patients with gastrointestinal water loss from vomiting or diarrhea may also have fever or other systemic signs of infection.