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May 18 – Helen Sharman becomes the first British person in space, flying with the Soyuz TM-12 mission. [1] October 29 – The Galileo probe becomes the first spacecraft to visit an asteroid . Steven Balbus and John F. Hawley publish their insights on magnetorotational instability. [2] Asteroid 6859 Datemasamune is discovered by Masahiro ...
First space walk/extra-vehicular activity (Alexei Leonov). USSR Voskhod 2: March 1965: First crewed spacecraft to change orbit. USA (NASA) Gemini 3: 14 July 1965: First flyby of Mars (returned pictures). USA (NASA) Mariner 4 [15] 14 July 1965: First photographs of another planet from deep space . USA (NASA) Mariner 4 [15] 15 December 1965
The Indus Valley script remains undeciphered and there are very little surviving fragments of its writing, thus any inference about scientific discoveries in that region must be made based only on archaeological digs. The following dates are approximations. The Nippur cubit-rod, c. 2650 BCE, in the Archeological Museum of Istanbul, Turkey
June 13 – Pioneer 10 passes the orbit of Neptune, becoming the first man-made object to travel beyond the major planets of the Solar System. September 26 – The Soyuz T-10-1 mission ends in a pad abort at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, when a pad fire occurs at the base of the Soyuz U rocket during the launch countdown.
Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process. Multiple discovery sometimes occurs when multiple research groups discover the same phenomenon at about the same time, and scientific priority is often disputed. The listings below include some of the most significant people and ideas by date of publication or experiment.
February 13 – Tune-up and repair work on the Hubble Space Telescope is started by astronauts from the Space Shuttle Discovery. February 27 – GRB 970228, a highly luminous flash of gamma rays, strikes the Earth for 80 seconds, providing early evidence that gamma-ray bursts occur well beyond the Milky Way. March 8 – Complete solar eclipse.
July 26 – Roy Kerr submits for publication his discovery of the Kerr metric, an exact solution to the Einstein field equation of general relativity, predicting a rotating black hole. [1] October 18 – Aboard the French Véronique AGI 47 sounding rocket, a bicolor cat designated C 341, later known as Félicette, becomes the first cat in space.
August – Asteroid 4769 Castalia is the first asteroid directly imaged, by radar from Arecibo. August 25 – The Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Neptune, providing definitive proof of the planet's rings.