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A CD can be used to store audio, video, and data in various standardized formats defined in the Rainbow Books. CDs are usually manufactured in a class 100 (ISO 5) or better clean room, to avoid contamination which would result in data corruption. They can be manufactured to strict manufacturing tolerances for only a few US cents per disk.
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. [91] The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the color of its cover.
typically 15–25 minutes per side (30 minutes per side for classical & spoken word), although 45 minutes is possible with tight groove spacing and no spacing between tracks. Audio cassette: Analog usually 30 (C-60) or 45 (C-90) minutes per side, 60 (C-120) minutes per side have also been sold although the tape is more prone to stretching or ...
The Super Audio CD (SACD) format was created by Sony and Philips, who were also the developers of the earlier standard audio CD format. SACD uses Direct Stream Digital (DSD) based on delta-sigma modulation. Using this technique, the audio data is stored as a sequence of fixed amplitude (i.e. 1-bit) values at a sample rate of 2.884 MHz, which is ...
A CD player will generally display a negative time offset counting up to the next track when such pre-gap introductions play. Pre-gap audio before the first track of the CD makes it possible to burn an unnumbered, "hidden" audio track. This track can only be accessed by "rewinding" from the start of the first track, backwards into the pre-gap ...
A cartridge format for embedding and easy handling usual 3-inch-tape-reels with 1 ⁄ 4 inch tape, compatible to reel-to-reel audio recording in 3 + 3 ⁄ 4 ips. 1965 8-Track (Stereo-8) The inside of an 8-track cartridge Analog, 1 ⁄ 4 inch wide tape, 3 + 3 ⁄ 4 in/s, endless-loop cartridge DC-International cassette system
Place your hands in between the person’s belly button and rib cage. Place your fist above the belly button and below the rib cage when administering the Heimlich, a doctor instructed.
Audio tracks are defined in the Red Book specification for CD Digital Audio (which was the first CD specification). One song or movement usually comprises one audio track , containing audio in the form of raw PCM samples in 16 bit/44.1 kHz resolution in 2 channels, and a subcode multiplexed with the audio data.