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Route of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand (red line) in the Achaemenid Empire.The satrapy of Cyrus the Younger is delineated in green.. The Ten Thousand (Ancient Greek: οἱ Μύριοι, hoi Myrioi) were a force of mercenary units, mainly Greeks, employed by Cyrus the Younger to attempt to wrest the throne of the Persian Empire from his brother, Artaxerxes II.
The Battle of Cunaxa was fought in the late summer of 401 BC between the Persian king Artaxerxes II and his brother Cyrus the Younger for control of the Achaemenid throne. The great battle of the revolt of Cyrus took place 70 km north of Babylon, at Cunaxa (Greek: Κούναξα), on the left bank of the Euphrates.
Artaxerxes defended his position against his brother Cyrus the Younger, who with the aid of a large army of Greek mercenaries called the "Ten Thousand", attempted to usurp the throne. Though Cyrus' mixed army fought to a tactical victory at the Battle of Cunaxa in Babylon (401 BC), Cyrus himself was killed in the exchange by Mithridates ...
Artaxerxes was probably born in the reign of his grandfather Darius I, to the emperor's son and heir, Xerxes I.In 465 BC, Xerxes I was murdered by Hazarapat ("commander of thousand") Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court, with the help of a eunuch, Aspamitres. [9]
Route of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand (red line) in the Achaemenid Empire.The satrapy of Cyrus the Younger is delineated in green.. Written years after the events it recounts, Xenophon's book Anabasis (Greek: ἀνάβασις, literally "going up") [14] is his record of the expedition of Cyrus and the Greek mercenaries' journey to home. [15]
Retreat of the Ten Thousand at the Battle of Cunaxa, by Jean Adrien Guignet. Louvre. Xenophon accompanied the Ten Thousand (words that Xenophon does not use), a large army of Greek mercenaries hired by Cyrus the Younger, who intended to seize the throne of Persia from his brother, Artaxerxes II.
Orontes, wearing the satrapal headdress, from his coinage.. Source: [7] Orontes was the son of Artasuras and married to Artaxerxes' daughter Rhodogunê.He was satrap of Armenia in 401 when Xenophon's Ten Thousand marched through that region after the battle of Cunaxa.
Orontes first appears in records in 401 BC as the satrap of Armenia. There he participated in the Battle of Cunaxa, where he pursued the Ten Thousand following their retreat. In the same year, he married Rhodogune, a daughter of Artaxerxes II (r. 404–358 BC).