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The horizontal axis shows the rotational speed (in rpm) that the crankshaft is turning, and the vertical axis is the torque (in newton-metres) that the engine is capable of providing at that speed. Torque forms part of the basic specification of an engine: the power output of an engine is expressed as its torque multiplied by the angular speed ...
The key to the torque converter's ability to multiply torque lies in the stator. In the classic fluid coupling design, periods of high slippage cause the fluid flow returning from the turbine to the impeller to oppose the direction of impeller rotation, leading to a significant loss of efficiency and the generation of considerable waste heat ...
The torque is then related to the lever length, shaft diameter and measured force. The device is generally used over a range of engine speeds to obtain power and torque curves for the engine, since there is a non-linear relationship between torque and engine speed for most engine types. Power output in SI units may be calculated as follows:
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine. [1] [2] Transmissions can have a single fixed-gear ratio, multiple distinct gear ratios, or continuously variable ratios. Variable ...
[11] [23] At speeds below the capsize speed, described below in the section on Eigenvalues and also called the inversion speed, the self-stability of the bike will cause it to tend to steer into the turn, righting itself and exiting the turn, unless a torque is applied in the opposite direction of the turn. At speeds above the capsize speed ...
Differential steering is the primary means of steering tracked vehicles, such as tanks and bulldozers, is also used in certain wheeled vehicles commonly known as skid-steer, and even implemented in some automobiles, where it is called torque vectoring, to augment steering by changing wheel direction relative to the vehicle.
Two intermeshing spur gears rotating at different velocity due to differing gear ratio. A gear [1] [2] or gearwheel [3] [4] [5] is a rotating machine part typically used to transmit rotational motion and/or torque by means of a series of teeth that engage with compatible teeth of another gear or other part.
In this case, the gear train is called a speed reducer and since the output gear must have more teeth than the input gear, the speed reducer amplifies the input torque. [5]: 76 When the input gear rotates faster than the output gear, then the gear train amplifies the input torque.