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  2. Feudalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism

    The adjective feudal was in use by at least 1405, and the noun feudalism was in use by the end of the 18th century, [4] paralleling the French féodalité.. According to a classic definition by François Louis Ganshof (1944), [1] feudalism describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations of the warrior nobility that revolved around the key concepts of lords, vassals and fiefs, [1 ...

  3. State formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_formation

    The study of state formation is divided generally into the study of ancient state formation (those that developed in stateless societies), medieval or early modern state formation, and the study of modern state formation (particularly of the form that developed in Europe in the 17th century and spread around the world).

  4. List of forms of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government

    Rule by a government based on small (usually family) unit with a semi-informal hierarchy, with strongest (either physical strength or strength of character) as leader. Bureaucracy: Rule by a system of governance with many bureaus, administrators, and petty officials. Consociationalism: Rule by a government based on consensus democracy. Military ...

  5. Territorial state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_state

    This is unlike the medieval hierarchical structure of control and jurisdiction that was in a state of perpetual uncertainty threatened by a shift in the balance of power. [12] The idea of sovereignty emerged from a struggle of power between authoritative institutions like "emperors and popes, popes and kings, and kings and emperors."

  6. State (polity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(polity)

    A state should not be confused with a government; a government is an organization that has been granted the authority to act on the behalf of a state. [22] Nor should a state be confused with a society; a society refers to all organized groups, movements, and individuals who are independent of the state and seek to remain out of its influence.

  7. Caste system in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_system_in_India

    The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic instance of social classification based on castes. It has its origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern India, especially in the aftermath of the collapse of the Mughal Empire and the establishment of the British Raj.

  8. Neo-feudalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-feudalism

    One of the primary characteristics of the age of techno-capitalist-feudalism, according to Bellemare, is "the degeneration of the old modern class-system into a post-modern micro-caste-system, wherein an insurmountable divide and stratum now exists in-between the "1 percent" and the "99 percent", or more specifically, the state-finance ...

  9. Caste systems in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_systems_in_Africa

    The Fula caste system has been fairly rigid and has medieval roots. [4] It was well established by the 15th century, and it has survived into modern age. [88] The four major castes, states Martin Kich, in their order of status are "nobility, traders, tradesmen (such as blacksmiths) and descendants of slaves". [88]