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Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms. Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology , nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms , and the type of disease they cause.
Virus classification showing major ranks This is a list of biological virus families and subfamilies. See also Comparison of computer viruses. This is an alphabetical list of biological virus families and subfamilies; it includes those families and subfamilies listed by the ICTV 2023 report. [1] For a list of individual species, see List of ...
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclature for viruses. [1] [2] [3] The ICTV develops a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus taxon.
In 1962, André Lwoff, Robert Horne, and Paul Tournier were the first to develop a means of virus classification, based on the Linnaean hierarchical system. [94] This system based classification on phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Gamma phage, an example of virus particles (visualised by electron microscopy) Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses.It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they ...
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses uses the taxonomic rank "kingdom" in the classification of viruses (with the suffix -virae); but this is beneath the top level classifications of realm and subrealm. [58] There is ongoing debate as to whether viruses can be included in the tree of life.
Virus classification showing major ranks This is a list of genera of biological viruses. See also Comparison of computer viruses. This is an alphabetical list of genera of biological viruses. It includes all genera and subgenera of viruses listed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 2022 release. [1]
A virus with this "viral envelope" uses it—along with specific receptors—to enter a new host cell. Viruses vary in shape from the simple helical and icosahedral to more complex structures. Viruses range in size from 20 to 300 nanometres; it would take 33,000 to 500,000 of them, side by side, to stretch to 1 centimetre (0.4 in).
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