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Contrary to the popular belief that the Earth was generally believed to be flat until a few hundred years ago, the spherical shape of the Earth (and other celestial bodies) has been widely accepted in the Western world (and universally by scholars) since at least the Hellenistic period (323 BCE–31 BCE), with the first known measurement of Earth's circumference conducted by Eratosthenes.
The spherical ideas of Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle had replaced earlier ideas from Chaldeans and Egyptians of a flat earth. The church fathers favoured the idea of a solid roof or firmament over the earth and this was elaborated early on, but in the Middle Ages most followed authorities such as Thomas Aquinas in accepting sphericity.
Researchers find evidence anchoring Christian fundamentalism with beliefs in conspiracy theories such as modern flat Earth beliefs [97] [98] and linking extreme religious fervour with mental illness. [ 99 ] [ 100 ] Fundamentalists have attempted and continue to attempt to teach intelligent design , a hypothesis with creationism as its base, in ...
Specific collections of biblical writings, such as the Hebrew Bible and Christian Bibles, are considered sacred and authoritative by their respective faith groups. [11] The limits of the canon were effectively set by the proto-orthodox churches from the 1st throughout the 4th century; however, the status of the scriptures has been a topic of scholarly discussion in the later churches.
Inventing the Flat Earth (ISBN 978-0-275-95904-3) is a 1991 book by historian Jeffrey Burton Russell debunking the notion that medieval Christians believed the Earth was flat. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] See also
Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form of creationism which holds as a central tenet that the Earth and its lifeforms were created by supernatural acts of the Abrahamic God between about 6,000 and 10,000 years ago, [1] [2] contradicting established scientific data for the age of Earth putting it at around 4.54 billion years.
Science has long been the target of conspiracy theories, some of which have persisted for centuries. A man who remains convinced that the Earth is flat intends to prove it once and for all, and an ...
Proposers of a flat Earth, such as the Flat Earth Research Society, do not accept compelling evidence, such as photos of Earth from space. [ 13 ] Modern geocentrism – In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism or the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the universe with Earth at the center.
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