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Carmustine is used as an alkylating agent to treat several types of brain cancer including glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastoma and astrocytoma, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin). Carmustine is sometimes used in conjunction with alkyl guanine transferase (AGT) inhibitors, such as O 6-benzylguanine.
CNS metastasis is the spread and proliferation of cancer cells from their original tumour to form secondary tumours in portions of the central nervous system. [ 1 ] The process of tumour cells invading distant tissue is complex and obscure, but modern technology has permitted an enhanced detection of metastasis .
Although the unit mGy-Eq is used, the RBE for CNS effects is largely unknown; therefore, the use of the quality factor function for cancer risk estimates is advocated. For particles with charge Z>10, an addition PEL requirement limits the physical dose (mGy) for 1 year and the career to 100 and 250 mGy, respectively.
Clozapine is an example of a drug used in the treatment of certain CNS disorders, such as schizophrenia, that has superior efficacy precisely because of its broad-spectrum mode of action. Likewise, in cancer chemotherapeutics, it has been recognized that drugs active at more than one target have a higher probability of being efficacious.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which also contains TNFRSF1A.This protein and TNF-receptor 1 form a heterocomplex that mediates the recruitment of two anti-apoptotic proteins, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2, which possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.
Azacitidine is a chemical analogue of the nucleoside cytidine, which is present in DNA and RNA.It is thought to have antineoplastic activity via two mechanisms – at low doses, by inhibiting of DNA methyltransferase, causing hypomethylation of DNA, [16] and at high doses, by its direct cytotoxicity to abnormal hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow through its incorporation into DNA and RNA ...
Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil, sold under the brand name Teysuno among others is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer when used in combination with cisplatin, [3] and also for the treatment of head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, non–small-cell lung, breast, pancreatic, and biliary tract cancers.
Decitabine/cedazuridine was approved for medical use in the United States and Canada in July 2020, [7] [8] [9] [12] and in the European Union in September 2023. [6]The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application of decitabine combined with cedazuridine priority review and orphan drug designation.