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Starting from the graph of f, a horizontal translation means composing f with a function , for some constant number a, resulting in a graph consisting of points (, ()) . Each point ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} of the original graph corresponds to the point ( x + a , y ) {\displaystyle (x+a,y)} in the new graph ...
p2mm: TRHVG (translation, 180° rotation, horizontal line reflection, vertical line reflection, and glide reflection) Formally, a frieze group is a class of infinite discrete symmetry groups of patterns on a strip (infinitely wide rectangle), hence a class of groups of isometries of the plane, or of a strip.
The discreteness condition means that there is some positive real number ε, such that for every translation T v in the group, the vector v has length at least ε (except of course in the case that v is the zero vector, but the independent translations condition prevents this, since any set that contains the zero vector is linearly dependent by ...
Combining two equal glide plane operations gives a pure translation with a translation vector that is twice that of the glide reflection, so the even powers of the glide reflection form a translation group. In the case of glide-reflection symmetry, the symmetry group of an object contains a glide reflection and the group generated by it. For ...
Let X be an affine space over a field k, and V be its associated vector space. An affine transformation is a bijection f from X onto itself that is an affine map; this means that a linear map g from V to V is well defined by the equation () = (); here, as usual, the subtraction of two points denotes the free vector from the second point to the first one, and "well-defined" means that ...
Horizontal gene transfer is a potential confounding factor in inferring phylogenetic trees based on the sequence of one gene. [163] For example, given two distantly related bacteria that have exchanged a gene a phylogenetic tree including those species will show them to be closely related because that gene is the same even though most other ...
Definition: [7] The midpoint of two elements x and y in a vector space is the vector 1 / 2 (x + y). Theorem [ 7 ] [ 8 ] — Let A : X → Y be a surjective isometry between normed spaces that maps 0 to 0 ( Stefan Banach called such maps rotations ) where note that A is not assumed to be a linear isometry.
This one is invariant under horizontal and vertical translation, as well as rotation by 180° (but not under reflection). In mathematics, an invariant is a property of a mathematical object (or a class of mathematical objects) which remains unchanged after operations or transformations of a certain type are applied to the objects.