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Starlight overcast moonless night sky [1] 140 microlux: Venus at brightest [1] 200 microlux: Starlight clear moonless night sky excluding airglow [1] 10 −3: 1 millilux: 2 millilux: Starlight clear moonless night sky including airglow [1] 10 −2: 1 centilux: 1 centilux: Quarter Moon 10 −1: 1 decilux: 2.5 decilux: Full Moon on a clear night ...
Stars with 1 million L ☉ or greater Star name Bolometric luminosity (L ☉, Sun = 1) Absolute bolometric magnitude Approx. distance from Earth Apparent visible magnitude Effective temperature Spectral type Link Reference LGGS J004246.86+413336.4 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 19,953,000 -13.5 2,500,000 17.791 40,000 O3-O5If SIMBAD [2] [3]
Absolute magnitude is defined as the apparent magnitude that a star or object would have if it were observed from a distance of 10 parsecs (33 light-years; 3.1 × 10 14 kilometres; 1.9 × 10 14 miles).
Stars that have magnitudes between 1.5 and 2.5 are called second-magnitude; there are some 20 stars brighter than 1.5, which are first-magnitude stars (see the list of brightest stars). For example, Sirius is magnitude −1.46, Arcturus is −0.04, Aldebaran is 0.85, Spica is 1.04, and Procyon is 0.34. Under the ancient magnitude system, all of ...
Illuminance diagram with units and terminology. In photometry, illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. [1] It is a measure of how much the incident light illuminates the surface, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception. [2]
A star at 10 parsecs has a parallax of 0.1″ (100 milliarcseconds). Galaxies (and other extended objects) are much larger than 10 parsecs; their light is radiated over an extended patch of sky, and their overall brightness cannot be directly observed from relatively short distances, but the same convention is used. A galaxy's magnitude is ...
The Milky Way is about 100 000 light-years across. 1.65 × 10 5 ly: R136a1, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the most luminous star known at 8.7 million times the luminosity of the Sun, has an apparent magnitude 12.77, just brighter than 3C 273. 10 6: 2.5 × 10 6 ly: The Andromeda Galaxy is approximately 2.5 million light-years away. 3 × 10 6 ly
The surface area of a sphere with radius r is =, so for stars and other point sources of light: =, where is the distance from the observer to the light source. For stars on the main sequence , luminosity is also related to mass approximately as below: L L ⊙ ≈ ( M M ⊙ ) 3.5 . {\displaystyle {\frac {L}{L_{\odot }}}\approx {\left({\frac {M ...