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The Apis mellifera mellifera (commonly known as the European dark bee) is a subspecies of the western honey bee, evolving in central Asia, with a proposed origin of the Tien Shan Mountains [3] and later migrating into eastern and then northern Europe after the last ice age from 9,000BC onwards.
The subspecies is named after Professor Friedrich Ruttner, an expert in honey bee queen breeding and also in the intra-specific taxonomy of the Apis mellifera. [9] It is considered as making a comeback after Varroa was introduced to Malta in the early 1990s. [8]
The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bees worldwide. [3] [4] The genus name Apis is Latin for 'bee', and mellifera is the Latin for 'honey-bearing' or 'honey-carrying', referring to the species' production of honey.
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. [1] [2] Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies.Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primarily floral nectar) or the secretions of other insects, like the honeydew of aphids.
No crops originating in the New World depend on the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) at all, as the bee is an invasive species brought over with colonists in the last few centuries. [48] Tomatoes , peppers , squash , and all other New World crops evolved with native pollinators such as squash bees , bumble bees , and other native bees.
The Cape honey bee or Cape bee (Apis mellifera capensis) is a southern South African subspecies of the western honey bee.They play a major role in South African agriculture and the economy of the Western Cape by pollinating crops and producing honey in the Western Cape region of South Africa.
The honey extracted during spring and summer was larger from the Buckfast hives, with the overall honey extracted being 34.45% greater, with less variation between hives when compared to the A. m. mellifera x caucasia (NB: the crossing of two bee subspecies would have resulted in heterosis, meaning the A. m. mellifera x caucasia would have ...
tends to forage over shorter distances than either carnica or mellifera, and may therefore be less effective in poorer nectar flows; for cool maritime regions; for areas with strong spring flow; for areas with periods of dearth of nectar in the summer
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