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The volatile matter ranges from 25-30 per cent. The calorific value of the coal varies from 4,200-5,900 Kcal/kg. [2] Almost all of India’s coal reserves are of Gondwana coal. Thickness of coal seams in Indian coalfields generally range from 1 m to 30 m. An exceptionally thick seam of 138 m has been discovered in Singrauli coalfield. [3]
Outside the Damodar Valley, Satpura Gondwana Basin is the only area where coking coal is found in India. [2] [3] The Pench Kanhan Valley Coalfield is situated 30 km (19 mi) to the northwest of Chhindwara. While Pench Valley has five seams in a column of 50-80 m thickness, the coal belt in the Kanhan valley stretches for about 25 km (16 mi).
According to Geological Survey of India, the Talcher Coalfield has reserves of 38.65 billion tonnes, the highest in India. Ib Valley Coalfield has reserves of 22.3 billion tonnes, the third highest in India. [5] This coalfield forms part of the large Gondwana basin that extends across several districts in adjoining Chhattisgarh. [2]
According to the Geological Survey of India, Godavari Valley Coalfield has total reserves (as on 1 January 2004) of 16,697.26 million tonnes of non-coking coal, up to a depth of 1,200 m, out of which 8091.10 million tonnes are proved reserves and the rest being indicated or inferred. A large portion of the coal is up to a depth of 300 m. [4]
Coal in India has been mined since 1774, and India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China, mining 997 million metric tons (1,099 million short tons) in FY 2023-24. Around 20% of coal is imported.
Gondwana, also known as Gondaranya, the land of Gondwana, is a region of India named after the Gondi people. The supercontinent, Gondwanaland, was named after the Gondwana region, because it contained some ancient fossil-bearing rock formations. [1] Since Gondi people are spread widely across central India, the region has no unambiguous boundary.
Most of the coal in the Gondwana is found in Barakar series. Coal as a solid stratified rock composed mainly of hydrocarbon and capable of being used as a fuel to supply heat or light or both. The coal fields of Surguja belongs to Gondwana coal fields. The coal of this area is of good quality stream and gas coals. The coal fields of Surguja can ...
After the First World War, the first attempts at coal mining failed, but around 1926 Burhar and Dhanpuri collieries were started. The Anuppur-Chirimiri line was opened in 1939 and mining operations were extended subsequently. [1] Sohagpur Coalfield is a remnant in the Son basin of Gondwana deposition. [2]