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Function Distribution Ref. Small nuclear RNA: snRNA: Splicing and other functions: Eukaryotes and archaea [3] Small nucleolar RNA: snoRNA: Nucleotide modification of RNAs: Eukaryotes and archaea [4] SmY RNA: SmY: mRNA trans-splicing: Nematodes [5] Small Cajal body-specific RNA: scaRNA: Type of snoRNA; Nucleotide modification of RNAs: Guide RNA ...
The actual work of RNA silencing is performed by RISC in which the main catalytic subunit is one of the Argonaute proteins (AGO), and miRNA serves as a template for recognizing specific mRNA sequences. The function of miRNAs appears to be in gene regulation. For that purpose, a miRNA is complementary to a part of one or more messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
MicroRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq), a type of RNA-Seq, is the use of next-generation sequencing or massively parallel high-throughput DNA sequencing to sequence microRNAs, also called miRNAs. miRNA-seq differs from other forms of RNA-seq in that input material is often enriched for small RNAs. miRNA-seq allows researchers to examine tissue-specific expression patterns, disease associations, and ...
MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. mir-221 is an oncogenic microRNA. [1] It targets CD117, which then prevents cell migration and proliferation in endothelial cells. [2] [3] miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA.
The miR-17-92 cluster containing miR-19 miRNA family is also involved into control endothelial cell functions and neo-vascularization. MiRNA cluster (miR-17, miR-18, miR-19 and miR-20) increased during the induction of endothelial cell differentiation in embryonic stem cells (tested on murine) or induce pluripotent stem cells.
Specifically, miR-22 can function as a tumour suppressor. One known target is histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which is known to have a critical role in cancer development. Mir-22 also targets Myc Binding Protein (MYCBP). [5] This prevents transcription of c-Myc target genes by silencing c-MYCBP.
The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. [1] This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference. [2] miR-150 functions in hematopoiesis; it regulates genes whose downstream products encourage differentiating stem cells towards becoming megakaryocytes rather than ...
miR-92 is part of a large precursor sequence that forms a stem loop once transcribed into RNA. This long precursor sequence is a component of the mir-17-92 cluster which contains 5 additional mir precursor sequences: mir-17, mir-18a, mir-19a, mir-20a and mir19b-1. [4]