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The Nobel Prizes (/ n oʊ ˈ b ɛ l / noh-BEL; Swedish: Nobelpriset [nʊˈbɛ̂lːˌpriːsɛt]; Norwegian: Nobelprisen [nʊˈbɛ̀lːˌpriːsn̩]) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died.
The Nobel Committee for Literature is located at the Swedish Academy. The Norwegian Nobel Committee, appointed by the Storting, has its own supporting body in the form of the Norwegian Nobel Institute. A Nobel Committee is a working body responsible for most of the work involved in selecting Nobel Prize laureates. There are six awarding ...
A maximum of three Nobel laureates and two different works may be selected for the Nobel Prize in Physics. [12] Compared with other Nobel Prizes, the nomination and selection process for the prize in physics is long and rigorous. This is a key reason why it has grown in importance over the years to become the most important prize in Physics. [13]
The Prize in Economic Sciences is not one of the Nobel Prizes endowed by Alfred Nobel in his will. [12] [25] [26] However, the nomination process, selection criteria, and awards presentation of the Prize in Economic Sciences are performed in a manner similar to that of the original Nobel Prizes. [6] [16] [22] [27]
However, the selection process of the Nobel selection committee is more complex than the above. At least one from the list of Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates has won a Nobel Prize each year since 1989, except for 1993 and 1996. [4] [5] From 2002 to 2017, 43 Nobel Prize winners were produced from 300 Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates.
Over the years, there have been many controversies concerned with the process by which nominations and awards of the Nobel Prize. To avoid any possible appearance of bias, the Nobel Committee states that once 50 years has passed since the time of nomination, it will make the criteria for the selection of award recipients public. Currently ...
The prizes have been awarded with a few interruptions since 1901, though the Nobel economics honour is a later addition in memory of the Swedish businessman and philanthropist, who had made a ...
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.